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*第七篇                               Power Napping is Good for the I.Q.

Today we hear more and more about the importance of getting enough sleep—about eight hours a night. Sleep can help heal and give energy to both the body and the brain. ____1____ It seems almost certain that the third of our lives that we spend asleep has a great effect on the two-thirds that we are awake. Sleep affects our emotions, memory, focus, and behavior.
Studies show that people in developed countries spend less time asleep and more time at work or commuting. Dr. Karine Spiegel, at the University of Chicago, has found that the average length of sleep has gone down from nine hours a night in 1910 to seven-and-a-half hours a night today. However, our bodies cannot function well without enough sleep. ____2____ According to Canadian scientist Dr. Stanley Coren, every hour of lost sleep at night causes us to lose one I.Q. point the next day. For example, when someone gets only five or six hours of sleep each night for a week, the person’s I.Q. could go down 15 points or more. ____3____
Most sleep experts say that humans need at least eight hours of sleep every day, but it should be in two stages: a long sleep at night and a shorter nap in the afternoon. Some companies help their employees follow this advice. ____4____ They say this makes the workers much more efficient.
To study sleep deprivation (not getting enough sleep), scientists use a test called the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT). During the test, a person stays in a darkened, quiet room during the daytime. Scientists believe that a sleep-deprived person will fall asleep quickly. If it takes ten minutes or longer to fall asleep, the person is probably getting enough sleep.
Scientists have also found that the time of year seems to affect how much sleep we need. ____5____ However, in the summer, people sometimes sleep as little as six hours, without having any problems.
詞匯：
emotion n. 情緒
commuting n. 乘公交車上下班，通勤
I.Q. n. 智商（全稱為intelligent quotient）
deprivation n. 剝奪，匱乏
Sleep Latency Test n. 睡眠潛伏期
注釋：
1．have/has an effect on... 對……有效果的
2．go down from... to...從………降至……
練習：
A　They allow them to “power nap” in the afternoon, if only for 20 minutes.
B　Losing just one or two hours of sleep a night, over a long period of time, can cause serious health problems.
C　People usually sleep longer in the winter, sometimes as much as 14 hours a night.
D　People in power are more intelligent because they take naps.
E　Medical experts now believe that sleep is even more important for health than diet or exercise.
F　That’s why, without enough sleep, a normally intelligent person may start to have difficulty doing daily tasks.
答案與題解：
1．E　本題的做題線索為其之前的一句話，即“睡眠能有助于恢復補充身體和大腦的能量”，其描述的是睡眠的功能，選項E說的也是睡眠的功能，與前文形成補充說明。
2．B　該選項對睡眠減少的后果進行了描述，與前一句中“在缺少足夠睡眠的情況下，我們的身體無法正常運作”形成呼應，是一個結果性的解釋，雖然選項F也是對睡眠不足人群后果的解釋，但是選項F在此不符合上面一句話的語境，其主要是在描述睡眠和智商直接的關系，在下文才有所提及，故答案為選項
3．F　從第三段最后一句話看出，選項F描述的是睡眠和智商之間的聯系，其做題線索和上一題一樣，都是對前面一句話的結果性補充描寫。
4．A　該題的做題線索也是對其前一句的話的補充說明，前文中提到了一些公司在睡眠方面對其員工進行了幫助，該選項則簡短介紹了這些公司都采取了哪些具體方案。
5．C　本題的做題線索為上下文搭配，在最后一段的第一句中明顯提及了睡眠和一年中的不同時期有關，后面最后一句話又講到了夏季的睡眠時間，那么從中可以判斷出，這里描述的應該是另外一種季節的睡眠時間，從而與段首觀點句呼應并與下句形成對比，而選項C描述的便是冬季的睡眠時間，故符合要求。