職稱英語考試答題技巧之"關注核心詞"
發布時間：2013-11-04 共1頁
參加職稱英語考試的朋友都知道閱讀理解,閱讀判斷及補全短文是職稱英語考試的得分重點。能夠把握好這幾部分通過考試的機會就增加了一半以上。我建議大家在做這幾部分的試題時可以考慮采用“核心詞/特征詞定位”的方法。
“核心詞”是指出現在要求考生作出判斷的句子中的主句和從句中的主語和謂語部分的詞語/結構（如果有賓語也可考慮賓語部分的詞語/結構）。選取這些詞語/結構的時候要考慮是否這些將被選擇作為答案線索的詞語和結構是標志“新信息”的內容，如果是，則可以選取；否者就考慮句子中其他結構中標志“新信息”的詞語/結構。（注：“新信息”是在前面問題的內容中沒有出現過的信息）例如在這篇閱讀判斷中有這樣一道題目:
Why is the Native Language Learnt So Well
How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well? When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language, we often find this interesting fact. A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers, in most case, may end up with a faulty and inexact command. What accounts for this difference?
Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him. In the first place, the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favorable of all, namely, the first years of life. A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, what is more important, always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, right use of words and right structure. He drinks in all the words and expressions, which come to him in a flash, ever-bubbling spring. There is no resistance: there is perfect assimilation.
Then the child has, as it were, private lessons all the year round, while an adult language-student has each week a limited number of hours, which he generally shares with others. The child has another advantage: he hears the language in all possible situations, always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions. Here there is nothing unnatural, such as is often found in language lessons in schools, when one talks about ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January. And what a child hears is generally what immediately interests him. Again and again, when his attempts at speech are successful, his desires are understood and fulfilled.
Finally, though a child's " teachers " may not have been trained in language teaching, their relations with him are always close and personal. They take great pains to make their lessons easy.
題目:
Adults' knowledge and mental powers hinder their complete mastery of a foreign language.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
在句子中,Adults' knowledge and mental powers hinder their complete mastery of a foreign language.
選取核心詞及新信息: 在選取直接作為線索詞/結構的內容時還要注意“標志原則”，比如在選定的“新信息內容”中“Adults' knowledge and mental powers（成年人的知識和智力水平）”由于該結構詞義的特點是很可能在文章中直接出現的結構，所以考慮采用“Adults' knowledge and mental powers”作為直接答案線索。
另外考生還要多關注文章中的“特征詞” 它們是指出現在要求考生作出判斷的句子中表示“時間，人名，地名， 組織機構名”等，在文章如果出現往往很容易就會被發現的詞語/結構，因為這些結構總是以特殊的形式出現在文章中：“時間”―往往是以阿拉伯數字的形式出現；“人名，地名， 組織機構名”―往往是以單詞的首字母大寫的形式出現。通過職稱英語考試還要求考生作出判斷的句子中出現的修飾詞，限制詞（往往形容詞/副詞）可以直接考慮作為答案線索。在利用選出的詞語/結構作為答案線索時要注意在文章出現的與這些詞/結構含義相近的詞語/結構。
最后希望參加職稱英語考試的朋友在平時的學習和練習過程中多嘗試,盡量刻意的培養自己的做題習慣,相信掌握并熟練使用"核心詞"的方法可以給你贏得一個好的成績!
祝福所有參加職稱英語考試的朋友都能順利過關!
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