職稱英語備考經(jīng)驗：分析句子的技巧主謂關系
發(fā)布時間：2014-02-18 共1頁
2。主謂關系：任何簡單的句子都有主語和謂語，在分析主謂關系是否一致時，可從三個方面考慮。即語法上的一致，語言內(nèi)容上的一致和就近一致。
①語法上的一致：指謂語動詞的形式要與主語的形式一致。主浯為單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也采取單數(shù)形式;主語為復數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也采取復數(shù)形式。這個法則符合語法形式上一致的原則。
以單數(shù)名詞或代詞，動詞不定式短語，動名詞短浯或從句做主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。以what引起的從句做主語時，在大多數(shù)情況下其后面的謂語動詞也用單數(shù)形式。如：
What we have seen is different[rom what we have heard.
(what從句作主語，動詞用單數(shù))
To answer correctly is more important than to finish quickly，
(不定式短語作主語)
A great deal of work has been done to improve the people's living standard.-
(不可數(shù)名詞作主語)
用“and，，和“both … and”連接的并列主語，謂語動詞多用復數(shù)形式，但并列主語如果指同一人、同一事物或同一概念的時候，and后面的名詞沒有冠詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：
Both the man and his wife want to go to the cinema.
The poet and writer has come.
Bread and butter is daily food in the West.
主語是單數(shù)后面跟as well as，with，besides，along with，together with等，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)，如：
The teacher as well as the students likes this novel.
My sister，together with Jane and James，is gone.
一些有復數(shù)的名詞，例如clothes.scissors，trousers，scales，spectacles等，作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式，但如在成雙的東西的名詞前面有apairo{時，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：
My trousers are being mended。
This pair of scissors belongs to me.
有些詞尾有“s”的學科名稱，做主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：
Mathematics is taught here.
②語言內(nèi)容上的一致：主要指從意義上考慮主謂一致的問題。主語形式上為單數(shù)，但意義上為復數(shù)，謂語動詞要用復數(shù)形式;主語形式上是復數(shù)，但意義上為單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
One hundred tons of water were used last week.(強調(diào)數(shù)量)
Ten minutes is enough.(強調(diào)整體)
News is travelling fast nowadays.
This glass works was built in 1985.
有復數(shù)意義的名詞，如：police，militia，people，cattle等作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如：
The police are trying to catch the thief who has stolen a bike.
Cattle feed on grass.
有些集合名詞，如;family，group，crowd，class，audience，government，committee。說話人把它們所表示的人或事當做整體看時，作單數(shù)看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;說話者把它們表示的人或事物當做若干個體來看時，作復數(shù)看待，謂語動詞也用復數(shù)形式。如：
My family is large.
My family are anxious about his safety.
③就近一致：由并列連詞如：whether...or，not only...but also，either...or，neither...nor，or連接的并列主語，謂語動詞與其最近的主語保持一致。如：
Either his friends or his brother is wrong.
Either his brother or his friends are wrong.
Not only you but also he is wrong.
Not only he but also you are wrong.
①語法上的一致：指謂語動詞的形式要與主語的形式一致。主浯為單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也采取單數(shù)形式;主語為復數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也采取復數(shù)形式。這個法則符合語法形式上一致的原則。
以單數(shù)名詞或代詞，動詞不定式短語，動名詞短浯或從句做主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。以what引起的從句做主語時，在大多數(shù)情況下其后面的謂語動詞也用單數(shù)形式。如：
What we have seen is different[rom what we have heard.
(what從句作主語，動詞用單數(shù))
To answer correctly is more important than to finish quickly，
(不定式短語作主語)
A great deal of work has been done to improve the people's living standard.-
(不可數(shù)名詞作主語)
用“and，，和“both … and”連接的并列主語，謂語動詞多用復數(shù)形式，但并列主語如果指同一人、同一事物或同一概念的時候，and后面的名詞沒有冠詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：
Both the man and his wife want to go to the cinema.
The poet and writer has come.
Bread and butter is daily food in the West.
主語是單數(shù)后面跟as well as，with，besides，along with，together with等，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)，如：
The teacher as well as the students likes this novel.
My sister，together with Jane and James，is gone.
一些有復數(shù)的名詞，例如clothes.scissors，trousers，scales，spectacles等，作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式，但如在成雙的東西的名詞前面有apairo{時，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：
My trousers are being mended。
This pair of scissors belongs to me.
有些詞尾有“s”的學科名稱，做主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：
Mathematics is taught here.
②語言內(nèi)容上的一致：主要指從意義上考慮主謂一致的問題。主語形式上為單數(shù)，但意義上為復數(shù)，謂語動詞要用復數(shù)形式;主語形式上是復數(shù)，但意義上為單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
One hundred tons of water were used last week.(強調(diào)數(shù)量)
Ten minutes is enough.(強調(diào)整體)
News is travelling fast nowadays.
This glass works was built in 1985.
有復數(shù)意義的名詞，如：police，militia，people，cattle等作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如：
The police are trying to catch the thief who has stolen a bike.
Cattle feed on grass.
有些集合名詞，如;family，group，crowd，class，audience，government，committee。說話人把它們所表示的人或事當做整體看時，作單數(shù)看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;說話者把它們表示的人或事物當做若干個體來看時，作復數(shù)看待，謂語動詞也用復數(shù)形式。如：
My family is large.
My family are anxious about his safety.
③就近一致：由并列連詞如：whether...or，not only...but also，either...or，neither...nor，or連接的并列主語，謂語動詞與其最近的主語保持一致。如：
Either his friends or his brother is wrong.
Either his brother or his friends are wrong.
Not only you but also he is wrong.
Not only he but also you are wrong.
